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<div style="background:#003366; color:white; padding:12px; border-radius:6px; margin-bottom:16px;"><br />
'''Netgate pfSense Plus Fundamentals — Section 9: Traffic Shaping'''<br/><br />
<small>Training slide deck: FUND001-LIVE-SLIDE-SEG9-SHAPE.pdf</small><br />
</div><br />
<br />
== Traffic Shaping — Overview ==<br />
<br />
Traffic shaping is a form of '''managed unfairness of bandwidth'''. It helps avoid the default FIFO queueing behavior imposed by ISPs.<br />
<br />
* '''Queues''' define traffic priorities.<br />
* '''Rules''' assign traffic to queues.<br />
* There are two separate methods for shaping:<br />
** '''Limiters''' (dummynet pipes)<br />
** '''Traffic Shaper''' (ALTQ)<br />
<br />
== Limiters ==<br />
<br />
Limiters provide a quick, easy means of imposing '''hard bandwidth limits'''.<br />
<br />
* Can be applied on a '''group or per-IP basis'''.<br />
* Optionally '''schedule-based'''.<br />
* Advanced options include:<br />
** Queue size<br />
** Delay<br />
** Packet Loss<br />
<br />
== Traffic Shaping Rules ==<br />
<br />
* Rules are evaluated from the '''point of view of traffic leaving an interface'''.<br />
* Typically use '''floating rules''' to apply shaping.<br />
* '''In/Out''' options under advanced rule options are used to assign queues.<br />
* Matches only assign queues — they do not control access.<br />
<br />
== Traffic Shaping Wizards ==<br />
<br />
The wizards offer an easy way to implement queueing and attempt to automate common scenarios.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Wizard Type !! Description<br />
|-<br />
| Multiple LAN/WAN || Most common scenario<br />
|-<br />
| Dedicated Links || For dedicated link configurations<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Traffic Shaping Schedulers ==<br />
<br />
Schedulers are methods of handling queueing. The following schedulers are available:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Scheduler !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| HFSC || Hierarchical Fair Service Curve<br />
|-<br />
| CBQ || Class-Based Queueing<br />
|-<br />
| FAIRQ || Legacy scheduler<br />
|-<br />
| CODELQ || Legacy scheduler<br />
|-<br />
| PRIQ || '''Easiest solution — recommended wherever possible'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Section 9 Summary ==<br />
<br />
* Try to keep configurations as simple as possible.<br />
* Use '''PRIQ''' wherever possible.<br />
* Limiter rules can be on a schedule.<br />
* Limiters can be per-IP or per-network (masking).<br />
* Ensure appropriate rule matches.<br />
* Clear states if needed after making changes.<br />
* Check the Traffic-Shaping section of the book for more details.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<div style="background:#f0f8ff; padding:10px; border-left:4px solid #003366;"><br />
'''Next Module:''' [[Training_Lab_9:_Traffic_Shaping|Lab 9 — Traffic Shaping (Hands-on)]]<br />
</div><br />
<br />
== Source Attribution ==<br />
<br />
* '''Document:''' FUND001-LIVE-SLIDE-SEG9-SHAPE.pdf<br />
* '''Course:''' pfSense Plus Fundamentals and Practical Applications<br />
* '''Copyright:''' © 2017 Rubicon Communications, LLC dba Netgate<br />
* '''Extracted and formatted for internal training wiki.'''</div>
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